三鼎民俗博物馆解说词

各位游客朋友：

大家好！

欢迎大家来到上饶市广信区三鼎民俗博物馆游览！

首先，我给大家介绍一下三鼎民俗博物馆的基本概况。三鼎民俗博物馆位于上饶市广信区皂头镇三联村三鼎寻根园核心区，前身为三鼎农庄寻根园，创建于2000年12月，占地面积10亩。2023年在原有的基础上，增设三鼎民俗博物馆，以中国古代民俗文化为陈展主题，7个民俗分类主题展馆组成。

第一展厅

各位朋友这边请，我们现在参观的是第一展厅---“木雕精品”主题展厅。木雕是雕塑的一种，被称之为“民间工艺”，艺术起源于可追溯到新石器时期。木雕分立体圆雕、根雕、浮雕三大类，有圆雕、浮雕、镂雕或几种技法并用。

圆雕，又称“立雕”。雕塑表现手法。在立体物上雕出不附在任何背景上，可以各种角度观赏的立体形象。圆雕又分为单体圆雕和复体圆雕两种。单体圆雕造型简洁、物象精练、形体单纯、影像清晰，以独立的个体类型出现，一般不展示宏大场景和表现复杂情节。复体圆雕又称群雕，通常将同类或相异的物象，如人物、动物、植物或道具等有机地组合在一起，彼此互为补充，共同表现一个主题。

群雕结构复杂，形体变化丰富，可充分展示情节内容，表现宏大场面。复体圆雕在组合方式上有连贯式和分离式两种。前者物象之间相互交连，形成一体；后者物象之间没有直接相连，彼此有着合适的距离，通过底座或地面组合在一起，形成特定的空间。

浮雕，又称“凸雕”，是在平面上雕出凸起的艺术形象。根据表面凸起程度的不同，浮雕又分为高浮雕(高低起伏大，凸起程度深)和浅浮雕(高低起伏小，凸起程度浅)。

镂雕是一种雕塑形式。即是在浮雕的基础上，镂空其背景部分，有的为单面雕，有的为双面雕。镂雕亦称镂空、透雕。

“夜读春秋”“松下对弈”这两件雕塑就属于浮雕作品。

“渔舟晚归”“双狮滚球”这两件雕塑就属于镂雕作品。

在这里陈列了120多种木雕精品。

第二展厅

现在我们来到的是第二展厅---“民间谚语”，介绍的是广信区的民间谚语。

其实第二展厅是一条走廊，我们合理地利用原寻根园建筑结构的空间，在这条走廊墙面上，布展了一百多条谚语。这一百多条谚语由“气象谚语”“农业谚语”“生活谚语”三方面俗成短语细组成，是口语形式的通俗易懂的短句或韵语。反映了广信区劳动先民的生活实践经验，都是口头传下来的。

各位朋友请你仔细看看，这些谚语透出了广信区劳动先民的处世心态，待人接物的准则，劳动生活的经验，人生的大智慧。

第三展厅

现在我们来到的是第三展厅---“农业工具”主题展厅，展示的是从原始农业萌芽到近代、现代农业发展的图片资料，有历代农艺师、农书著作、农具图，从石器时代的原始社会稻作到现代的水稻杂交之父袁隆平、上饶市广信区茶亭人世界昆虫学家杨惟义，他们对农业的探索和发展作出了巨大的贡献，这点，江西农大和上海同济大学的教授肯定了该馆的独特价值。另一方面的陈列还有“耕地整地工具”“灌溉工具”“收获工具”“加工工具”“运输工具”“播种工具”“中耕除草工具”，让您可以详细的了解华夏农业发展的轨迹。随着时间的推移和时代的发展，现代农业机械化逐步取代了原始农业工具，这些展品会更显的更加珍贵。

第四展厅

我们现在来到的是第四展厅---“婚俗嫁妆”主题展厅，展示的是广信区旧时汉族的“婚俗”与“嫁妆”。

“婚俗”中的“三茶六礼”，至今广信区有些地方乃存。

三茶，指订婚时的“下茶”，结婚时的“定茶”和同房时的“合茶”。 六礼，指由求婚至完婚的整个结婚过程，即婚姻据以成立的纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎等六种仪式。

1.纳采---也叫行聘，是婚礼中的首礼。男方具求婚礼品，送到女家，请求采择。在此之前，已由媒人撮合好了，只是行个程序，算是正式求婚。

2.问名---男方具庚柬帖，写上姓名、出生年、月、日、时，送到女家。女方复以姓名、出生年、月、日、时的“回柬”。此谓问名。

3.纳吉---为正式订婚礼仪。问名之后，以双方的生辰，掐算合宜，定下吉日，男方备定婚礼品送往女家，算作婚姻已定。

4.纳征---即纳聘之意，定婚之后，经过一段时间，双方年龄、时机合宜成婚。男方便具礼品，到女方家告知，准备聘娶了。

5.请期---纳征后，女方没意见，男方选定吉日，写一迎亲帖，写明迎亲日、时，请求女方答应。女方回帖同意，即可进行最后一礼。

6.迎亲---即成婚礼。这天，男方到女家迎新娘过门，行交拜合卺礼。

“嫁妆”陈列的是衣被、家具、及其他用品和花轿。

第五展厅

我们现在来到的是第五展厅---“生活用具”主题展厅，展列的内容为百姓各种生活用具与家具。

“木制家具”“烹饪用具”展列品，许多乃在广信区民间人家流传，只不过随着时代的发展，“木制家具”款式与时俱进有所变化罢了，造型更加新颖时尚。“烹饪用具”在制作材料上有新的材料替代旧用料，造型也有变化。

第六展厅

我们现在来到的是第六展厅---“传统节日”主题展厅，其实八展厅也是一条走廊，我们根据原寻根园建筑的结构，在这条走廊墙面上布展了中华民族的古老传统节日，它是中华民族悠久历史文化的重要组成部分。

中华民族的古老传统节日，涵盖了原始信仰、祭祀文化、天文历法、易理术数等人文与自然文化内容，蕴含着深邃丰厚的文化内涵。从远古先民时期发展而来的中华传统节日，不仅清晰地记录着中华民族先民丰富而多彩的社会生活文化内容，也积淀着博大精深的历史文化内涵。

中国的传统节日主要有：春节（农历正月初一）；元宵节（农历正月十五）；龙抬头（农历二月初二）、社日节（农历二月初二）；上巳节（农历三月初三）；寒食节（冬至后的105或106天）；清明节（公历4月5日前后）；端午节（农历五月初五）；七夕节（农历七月初七）；中元节（农历七月十五）；中秋节（农历八月十五）；重阳节（农历九月初九）；下元节（农历十月十五）；冬至节（公历12月21～23日）；除夕（农历十二月廿九或三十）等。

第七展厅

我们现在来到的是第七展厅---“陶瓷制品”主题展厅，展列的内容为普通陶瓷的日用陶瓷和工业陶瓷两大类中的“日用陶瓷”。

展品有“缸”“瓮”“罐”“壶”“盆”“瓶”“炉”等物，均为日常生活必需品。其中“缸”“瓮”“罐”“壶”“盆”“瓶”，近在咫尺，只有一公里路程的邻村窑山，至今还保留着一条龙窑，传承着古老制陶烧陶工艺，制作没断，窑火未熄。

亲爱的各位游客朋友，三鼎民俗博物馆的游览就到此结束了！留下您的祝福，带上您的美好回忆，让我们有缘再见！

欢迎来电：手机：13907937075 0793-8269678

Tour Commentary of San Ding Folk Custom Museum,

Guangxin District

Dear visitors:

Hello everyone!

Welcome to the San Ding Folk Custom Museum in Guangxin District, Shangrao City!

Please let me introduce the basic overview of the San Ding Folk Custom Museum. The San Ding Folk Custom Museum is located in the core area of the San Ding Root-Seeking Garden in Sanlian Village, Zaotou Town, Guangxin District, Shangrao City. It was established in December 2000, covering an area of 10 acres. In 2023, the San Ding Folk Custom Museum was added to the existing foundation, focusing on the theme of ancient Chinese folk culture, with seven thematic exhibition halls.

First Exhibition Hall

Please follow me, friends. Now, we are visiting the first exhibition hall - the "Fine Wood Carving" themed exhibition hall. Wood carving is a form of sculpture known as "folk craft," with its artistic origins dating back to the Neolithic period. Wood carving can be categorized into three major types: three-dimensional round carving, root carving, and relief carving, involving techniques such as round carving, relief carving, and openwork carving or a combination of several techniques.

? Round Carving: Also known as "standing carving," it is a sculptural technique that carves out three-dimensional images on a stand-alone object, allowing observation from various angles. It is divided into single-body round carving and compound-body round carving. Single-body round carving has a concise form, refined details, and clear images, often showcasing individual types without depicting grand scenes or complex narratives. Compound-body round carving, also known as group carving, combines similar or different objects such as figures, animals, plants, or props organically, complementing each other to express a theme. Group carving has a complex structure, rich variations in form, and can vividly showcase narrative content and grand scenes.

? Relief Carving: Also known as "raised carving," it carves out raised artistic images on a flat surface. Depending on the degree of projection, relief carving is further divided into high relief (large undulations and deep projection) and low relief (small undulations and shallow projection).

? Openwork Carving: A sculptural form that carves out the background part of the relief carving, sometimes single-sided or double-sided. Openwork carving is also known as hollow carving or through carving.

The sculptures "Reading the Spring and Autumn Annals" and "Playing Chess under the Pine" are examples of relief carving. "Returning of the Fishing Boat at Night" and "Rolling Balls with Twin Lions" are examples of openwork carving. Over 120 fine wood carvings are displayed here.

Second Exhibition Hall

Now we have arrived at the second exhibition hall - the "Folk Proverbs," introducing the folk proverbs of Guangxin District.

The second exhibition hall is actually a corridor. We have made rational use of the original architectural space of the Root-Seeking Park to exhibit approximately 100 proverbs on the walls of this corridor. These proverbs are composed of three aspects: meteorological proverbs, agricultural proverbs, and life proverbs. They are colloquial, easily understandable short phrases or rhymes, reflecting the practical experience of the labor ancestors in Guangxin District, passed down orally.

Please take a closer look, dear friends. These proverbs reveal the outlook on life, principles of dealing with others, practical experiences of labor life, and the wisdom of life of the labor ancestors in Guangxin District.

Third Exhibition Hall

Now we are entering the third exhibition hall - the "Agricultural Tools" themed exhibition hall. It showcases photographic materials from the primitive stages of agriculture to modern and contemporary agricultural development, featuring agricultural experts from various eras, agricultural books, tool illustrations, and the evolution from the primitive society's rice cultivation in the Stone Age to the modern hybrid rice pioneer Yuan Longping and Yang Weiyi, a world entomologist from Chating in Guangxin District, Shangrao City. They have made significant contributions to the exploration and development of agriculture, as acknowledged by professors from Jiangxi Agricultural University and Tongji University in Shanghai. The exhibition also includes "Land Tillage Tools," "Irrigation Tools," "Harvesting Tools," "Processing Tools," "Transportation Tools," "Sowing Tools," and "Weeding Tools," allowing you to understand in detail the trajectory of the development of Chinese agriculture. With the passage of time and the development of the era, modern agricultural mechanization has gradually replaced primitive agricultural tools, making these exhibits more precious.

Fourth Exhibition Hall

Now we have reached the fourth exhibition hall - the "Wedding Customs and Dowry" themed exhibition hall, showcasing the ancient "wedding customs" and "dowries" of the Han people in the past in Guangxin District.

The "wedding customs" include the "Three Teas and Six Rites," which are still preserved in some places in Guangxin District.

? Three Teas: Refers to the "Betrothal Tea" during engagement, the "Settlement Tea" during marriage, and the "Harmony Tea" during cohabitation.

? Six Rites: Refers to the six ceremonies from proposal to marriage, including the six rituals of betrothal, name inquiry, betrothal gifts, betrothal acceptance, wedding date request, and bride's welcoming.

1. Betrothal (Nacai): Also called "Engagement Visit," it is the first ritual in the wedding ceremony. The groom brings engagement gifts to the bride's family, requesting approval. The match is usually pre-arranged by a matchmaker, and this is a formal proposal.

2. Name Inquiry (Wenming): The groom sends a written invitation with details such as names, birth year, month, day, and hour to the bride's family. The bride responds with a "reply invitation" with her corresponding details. This is known as name inquiry.

3. Betrothal Gifts (Naji): This marks the formal engagement ceremony. After the name inquiry, considering the compatibility of the birth dates of both parties, an auspicious date is chosen. The groom prepares betrothal gifts and sends them to the bride's family, signifying that the marriage is settled.

4. Betrothal Acceptance (Nazheng): Also known as "Betrothal Gift Reception," it occurs after the engagement is settled. After some time, when the age and timing are appropriate, the groom, with gifts, informs the bride's family that he is ready to proceed with the marriage.

5. Wedding Date Request (Qingqi): After the betrothal acceptance, if the bride's family has no objections, the groom selects an auspicious date, writes an invitation for the bride's family, specifying the date and time for the bride's welcoming. The bride replies, agreeing to the terms, and the final ceremony can proceed.

6. Bride’s Welcoming (Yingqin): Also known as the wedding ceremony, on this day, the groom goes to the bride's home to escort her to his home, exchanging bows and wedding vows.

?

The "dowries" on display include clothing, bedding, furniture, and other items, as well as a bridal sedan chair.

Fifth Exhibition Hall

Now, we have entered the fifth exhibition hall - the "Daily Life Tools" themed exhibition hall, displaying various daily life tools and furniture used by the common people.

? Wooden Furniture: Displayed are various styles of wooden furniture, many of which have been passed down in folk households in Guangxin District. With the development of the times, the styles of "wooden furniture" have evolved to be more novel and fashionable.

? Cooking Utensils: The displayed items in the "cooking utensils" section often have new materials replacing old ones, and the shapes have also changed.

Sixth Exhibition Hall

We have now entered the sixth exhibition hall - the "Traditional Festivals" themed exhibition hall. In fact, the seventh exhibition hall is also a corridor. Following the structure of the original Root-Seeking Park, we have exhibited the ancient traditional festivals of the Chinese nation on the walls of this corridor. It is an essential part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation.

The ancient traditional festivals of the Chinese nation cover primitive beliefs, sacrificial culture, astronomical calendars, and divination, containing profound cultural connotations. Developed from the ancient times of the ancestors, traditional Chinese festivals not only vividly record the rich and colorful social and cultural life of the Chinese people, but also embody broad and profound historical and cultural connotations.

Major traditional Chinese festivals include:

? Spring Festival (Lunar New Year on the first day of the first lunar month)

? Lantern Festival (Lunar New Year on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month)

? Dragon Head-Raising Day (Lunar New Year on the second day of the second lunar month)

? She Ri Festival (Lunar New Year on the second day of the second lunar month)

? Shangsi Festival (Lunar New Year on the third day of the third lunar month)

? Cold Food Festival (105 or 106 days after the winter solstice)

? Qingming Festival (Around April 5th in the Gregorian calendar)

? Dragon Boat Festival (Lunar New Year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month)

? Qixi Festival (Lunar New Year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month)

? Zhongyuan Festival (Lunar New Year on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month)

? Mid-Autumn Festival (Lunar New Year on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month)

? Double Ninth Festival (Lunar New Year on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month)

? Xia Yuan Festival (Lunar New Year on the fifteenth day of the tenth lunar month)

? Winter Solstice Festival (December 21-23 in the Gregorian calendar)

? New Year's Eve (Lunar New Year on the twenty-ninth or thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month)

Seventh Exhibition Hall

Now, we are in the seventh exhibition hall - the "Ceramic Products" themed exhibition hall, featuring both "Daily Ceramic" and "Industrial Ceramic" categories. The exhibited items include "crock," "urn," "jar," "kettle," "basin," "bottle," "stove," and other items, all of which are daily necessities. Items like "crock," "urn," "jar," "kettle," "basin," and "bottle" are produced in a nearby kiln mountain just one kilometer away, preserving a dragon kiln to this day. It continues the ancient pottery-making and firing techniques, demonstrating the uninterrupted production.

Dear visitors and friends, the tour of the San Ding Folk Custom Museum concludes here! Leave your blessings, take with you beautiful memories, and let's hope to meet again!

For inquiries, please contact:

Mobile: 13907937075 Phone: 0793-8269678